GRE VS GMAT

There’s a feud brewing in the ­graduate-school testing world.

The Graduate Management Admissions Test has been required by M.B.A. programs for more than 50 years, while the Graduate Record Examination is the standard for graduate schools in general. The Educational Testing Service administers the G.R.E. and used to do the same for the GMAT before losing the rights two years ago to ACT Inc. and Pearson. Now it is trying to get some of that business back, lobbying business schools to accept the G.R.E. as an alternative to the GMAT: more than 115 have agreed, including at Stanford, M.I.T. and Johns Hopkins. 600,000 people who take it annually. For students, the G.R.E. is less expensive ($140) than the GMAT ($250).

E.T.S. is also angling for undergraduates unsure of where they’re headed after graduation. In a new media campaign, it What’s the difference between the tests? Both assess verbal and quantitative reasoning, critical thinking and writing. “Contrary to what people might think, there are no business or finance aspects of the GMAT that make it specialized,” says David G. Payne, an associate vice president of E.T.S.

THE G.R.E. PITCH

For business schools, the G.R.E. offers a chance to increase their applicant pool by tapping into some of the more than urges them to take the test as a backup — for when “the ‘I’m going to backpack around the world’ thing is covered.” And in a tight job market, grad school can become a surprise option. Results are good for five years, and G.R.E. test-takers younger than 23 score better, particularly on the quantitative 

section.

E.T.S. is sweetening the deal by adding a noncognitive component in July: a mentor can fill out a questionnaire on creativity, ethics, communication and other qualities, resulting in a score on something called the Personal Potential Index. “Some students may not have gotten the best grade point in their undergraduate career or maybe aren’t great at standardized tests,” Mr. Payne says. “They may want admissions officers to take other things into account.”

THE GMAT STANCE

More than 1,800 business schools accept the GMAT, which was designed by business school deans to predict how well applicants would do in their pursuit of an M.B.A.

High scores on the test correlate well to success in the first year of business school, says David A. Wilson, head of the Graduate Management Admission Council, which owns the GMAT.

The lack of long-term G.R.E. validity studies for business students, he says, could deter schools from signing on. What happens if the M.B.A. program you want doesn’t accept the G.R.E.?

Mr. Wilson acknowledges there are few differences in content between the two tests (although GMAT ditched analogies a few years ago). But, he says, “schools turn to the GMAT because it is a valid, trusted and robust assessment. One way to think about it is that you don’t want your dentist to buy drill bits at Home Depot.”

THE BOTTOM LINE

Many admissions experts say that, for now, they would advise students who want a business degree to take the GMAT, or both tests.

Alex Duke is a senior admissions consultant at MBAPrepAdvantage and a former director of admissions for the executive and part-time M.B.A. programs at the University of California, Los Angeles. Countering the new G.R.E. ads, he advises would-be graduate students to know what programs and schools they want to get into before beginning the rigorous process of taking admissions tests. And he suggests that only a narrow population take the G.R.E. alone for business school. “If you’re an international student, say from a third-world country, and you only have the financial means to take one test for any graduate studies, then I could see taking the G.R.E. is a good option.”